Principe de fonctionnement du compresseur d'air à vis électrique

18 avril 2025

What are the core components of an electric screw air compressor and how do they collaborate to compress gas?

The core components of an electric screw air compressor consist of a pair of intermeshing male and female rotors, housed within a precisely engineered casing. The male rotor, usually with 4 teeth, and the female rotor, typically having 6 teeth, rotate in opposite directions. As they turn, the space formed by the rotor teeth and the casing wall changes continuously. During the intake phase, the tooth spaces connect with the air inlet, allowing ambient air to be drawn in due to the pressure difference created by the expanding volume. As the rotors continue to rotate, this enclosed space decreases in size, compressing the air. Lubricating oil plays a crucial role, providing lubrication, sealing the gaps between the rotors and the casing to prevent air leakage, and helping to dissipate the heat generated during compression, ensuring the efficient collaboration of all components.

How does the electric motor power the compression process by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy?

The electric motor acts as the power source of the air compressor. When connected to an electrical supply, an electric current passes through the stator winding, generating a rotating magnetic field. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, this magnetic field induces an electric current in the rotor winding. The induced current creates a magnetic field around the rotor, which interacts with the stator’s magnetic field, causing the rotor to rotate. This rotation converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The motor’s output shaft is connected to the male rotor of the compressor, either directly via a coupling or indirectly through a belt drive system. The rotational force of the motor is then transferred to the rotors, driving them to rotate and perform the air compression work.

What are the main stages of gas compression and the corresponding state changes in an electric screw air compressor?

The gas compression process in an electric screw air compressor comprises three main stages: suction, compression, and discharge. In the suction stage, as the rotor teeth move apart, the volume of the tooth spaces increases, creating a partial vacuum. Atmospheric pressure forces air into these spaces through the intake port. As the rotors continue to rotate, the compression stage begins. The decreasing volume of the tooth spaces squeezes the air, causing its pressure and temperature to rise significantly. The lubricating oil injected into the compression chamber helps to cool the air and reduce compression work. Once the air reaches the preset discharge pressure, the discharge stage starts. The compressed air is then pushed out of the compressor through the discharge port into the air storage tank or the pipeline system. During the discharge process, the air may experience a slight drop in pressure and temperature due to heat dissipation in the pipeline.

What are the efficiency – enhancing advantages of the working principle of electric screw air compressors compared to other types?

Compared with traditional reciprocating air compressors and some other types, electric screw air compressors offer several efficiency – related advantages. Firstly, the continuous rotation of the screw rotors enables a smooth and uninterrupted compression process, reducing mechanical vibrations and frictional losses associated with the reciprocating motion of pistons. This leads to higher mechanical efficiency. Secondly, the design of the screw rotors allows for a more precise control of the compression ratio, optimizing the compression process and reducing energy consumption. Thirdly, modern electric screw air compressors often incorporate variable – frequency drives (VFDs). These drives can adjust the rotational speed of the motor according to the actual air demand, ensuring that the compressor operates at an optimal efficiency level even under varying load conditions. Additionally, the use of lubricating oil for sealing and cooling in screw compressors minimizes air leakage and heat – related energy losses, further enhancing overall efficiency.

Conclusion

The working principle of electric screw air compressors relies on the coordinated operation of key components, with the electric motor providing the necessary power to drive the compression process. Through the stages of suction, compression, and discharge, the air is effectively compressed. Compared to other types of air compressors, the unique design and operational features of electric screw air compressors, such as continuous rotation, precise compression ratio control, and variable – frequency drive technology, endow them with superior efficiency, energy – saving capabilities, and reliability. These characteristics make electric screw air compressors widely used in various industrial fields, from manufacturing plants to construction sites, where a stable and efficient supply of compressed air is essential.